Today I managed to collect some images from the Meteor M2-4 satellite. This was after a few attempts, so I hope this helps folks get starting with these Russian satellites.

I used my tried and true V dipole and my RTL-SDR dongle. I used spaceboi to predict the pass and track the satellite. The 137.9 Mhz singal is marked as the “Primary” frequency for the VHF downlink. I found this singal was working well for me.

Satellite data collection without a permanent antenna requires some planning. I usually find when the best passes are for the week, and see if I have free time in my schedule to run out and collect data. Programs like gPredict and websites like https://satnogs.org/, or apps like Heavens Above can use TLE data to calculate when the satellites are going to pass overhead.

TLE or Two Line Element data is a format for describing the orbits of satellites. NASA and NORAD developed a data format in the 70s to describe the orbits of satellites that can fit on a punch card. Long gone are punch cards, but the TLE format is still used today.

Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) is a digital mode used by HAM radio operators to send small packets of data on the radio waves. The format was invented by Bob Bruniga in the 1990s and is still popular today. Common uses of APRS are to transmit location data, send messages, weather, and even emails.

Handheld APRS enabled radios like the Yaesu VX-8DR can go for over $400 these days. I needed a different, cheaper solution to dip my toes into APRS. I purchased a BTECH APRS-K1 Pro v1.2 for about $30. It has a Kenwood connector at one end and a USB-C on the other. I can plug one end into my Quansheng UV-K5, and the other into my phone running aprsdroid, or my laptop running direwolf.

To promote interest in space and radio, the International Space Station (ISS) transmits images to earth using slow scan television (SSTV). These events are announced on the x profile @ARISS_Intl.

With a RTL-SDR and a V-dipole antenna (as mentioned in my previous post), I was able to receive a partial image from the ISS. This is from Expedition 72 - Series 22 Fortieth Anniversary.

I used GQRX to receive the signal and used the FM demodulation.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been imaging Earth with satellites since 1975. These satellites are used to monitor weather patterns, climate change, and natural disasters. The data is transmitted to Earth in real time from these satellites, and can be received by anyone in the signal path.

In this post I will be collecting and displaying telemetry from the NOAA 18 satellite. The NOAA 18 satellite is in a polar orbit, meaning it orbits over the north and south pole. It takes images of the earth, and imediately transmits the image at a rate of 360 lines per minute. The data from this satellite is transmitted at 137.9125 MHz with Analog picture transmission APT.